To investigate whether the amount of paper cup cake holders affects the time taken to fall a certain distance Essay Example

To investigate whether the amount of paper cup cake holders affects the time taken to fall a certain distance Essay When I do this experiment to find the terminal velocity I will drop 1 cake cup from a certain height ( which will be kept constant throughout the experiment.) When the cake cup is dropped a stop watch will start, then will be stopped when the cake cup hits the ground. I will then repeat this experiment using 2 cake cups, then three and so on. Altogether I will take 10 different weight readings, each weight reading done 3 times, so I can have a wide range of accurate results a total of 30 giving me a spread to plot on a graph. When doing the experiment, to make sure it is fair I will do the following things: Make sure the cake cup is dropped from the same height each time, if it wasnt then the results would be inaccurate.I will make sure the same person times the cake cup falling, this is because different people have different reactions. We will keep the same sized cake cups, as a different surface areas would lead to wrong results ( I will presume that the cake cups I use will weigh the same). When doing the experiment I will make sure there is nothing that could affect my results E.G wind or obstacles in the way, this would effect the falling time of the cake cup, therefore giving inaccurate results. The variable I will be changing will be the amount of cup cake holders, however there are many more variables I could change in order to make a comparison with other sets of results.During the experiment it is essential to ensure the cup cakes reach terminal velocity in order to find this I took some preliminary results in the form of a pre-test.Pre-TestThis was completed before the main experiment by taking 10 cup cake holders ( the maximum amount of cups I will use in the experiment), and timing how long they took to reach the ground from different heights. (In these preliminary results I changed the height so I could get several readings and plot them onto a distance time graph. From this graph I could then see when the cake cups had reached their terminal vel ocity.Height1.0 metre2.03.04.05.02.563.183.183.293.30It was clear from the results of the pre-test that the cup cakes had reached terminal velocity between 4 metres and 5 metres because the speed from this height would not increase anymore so we decided for the main experiment to use a constant height of 4.6 metres.Prediction:I predict that the terminal velocity will increase as I increase the weight of paper cups therefore the times will decrease when more paper cups are dropped and terminal velocity is reached.Justification for prediction:I think that the weight affects terminal velocity because I know that heavier objects fall faster than lighter ones. (E.G a brick falls faster than a feather). Bigger objects push air molecules out of the way faster than small objects when they fall to the ground. As air resistance affects the terminal velocity, terminal velocity occurs when gravity and air resistance are balanced causing the increase in acceleration to stop. At the instant of re lease there is no friction because the object is not moving. The weight of the object makes it accelerate downwards, because gravity is acting on it, the heavier the object the faster it will accelerate, because gravity is a constant force, it always stays the same; the velocity and the air resistance have to increase to balance it. So unless the weight of the paper case changes there is always the same force of gravity acting on it. So I expect that there will be a straight line of best fit on the graph. This is the reasoning behind my prediction.Equipment:I will use the following equipment throughout the experiment -* Metre Rulers (x5) (maximum height 4.6)* Paper Cups (x10)* Stop ClockDiagrams:Fair test:To ensure my results are accurate and fair I will:* Drop all of the cup cakes from the same height of 4.6 metres at the same angle.* Dropping each one 3 times and then finding the average.* Use the same size and type of cake case each time.* Make sure the same conditions are kept c onstant throughout.Variables:If I needed to complete the experiment again and compare my results with another then I could change one variable. These however must be changed one at a time or the tests wouldnt be fair and the results would be inaccurate because the results would be vague due to the uncertainty of how they differ from before due to having more than one variable.The range of variables for this experiment are :Number of cup cake holders- I chose this one because it is probably the most simple and easy to set up yet has the best outcomes and most accurate results as patterns and graphs can be made with ease.Conditions- This change would mean testing just one cup cake holder in various conditions and making valid observations and reasoning to why and which conditions affect the rate of terminal velocity.The way it which it is dropped- If this variable was used then the cup cake holder could be dropped sideways therefore decreasing the surface area meaning the air resistan ce will be less and as a consequence the terminal velocity changingResults:Table 1-Results 30 drops 10 different weights.Figure 1Amount/Attempt1st2nd3rd13.313.023.2422.392.052.3831.951.951.9941.661.71.7351.591.491.5361.381.431.4971.381.431.3881.341.381.3391.271.511.21101.201.261.17The results above show all 3 attempts in order to gain an accurate average to be able to plot a graph to simplify the results collectively.The graph shows a steady decrease in the time take for the cups to drop as more weight is added. If we were to increase the amount further then the graph would continue to form a steady slight curve until it made an end with a drop closer to 0.5 m/s. (marked with a star) There were however some anomalous results during the experiment and these have been highlighted in the results table(figure 1.)with an underline. Also another observation was that there were also some results that stood out according to there row, this means that they do not follow a pattern and seem ou t of place where they stand. These can be seen marked with a star. These results can be put down to either human error or a slight change in a variable such as the conditions, to correct this another retest should have been done to clarify any anomalous results.Average:Amount of cup cakesAverage (2.dp)Average (1.dp)13.193.222.272.331.962.041.701.751.541.561.431.471.401.481.351.491.331.3101.211.2The table rounds up all the data from the previous graph and gives an average to allow me to plot it onto a graph with a reading closest to either1dp or 2dp.The equation:Speed = Distance ? TimeI used this to find the speed within my terminal velocity experiment, if you substitute the worded equation with the data all of the speeds can be found in m/s. I have used the average reading closest to 2.dp/Table:Amount of cup cakesSpeed m/s11.4422.0332.3542.7152.9963.2273.2983.4193.46103.80Analysis:The results gained from the experiment show that my prediction was correct, as the amount of paper cups increase the terminal velocity is faster, the shorter time it takes for it to hit the ground. So then the more paper cake cases that were dropped the faster its terminal velocity. At the instant of release there is no friction because the object is not moving. The weight of the object makes it accelerate downwards, because gravity is acting on it, the heavier the object the faster it will accelerate.The results show that the terminal velocity increases steadily each time. 3.15m/s is the average increase in the terminal velocity each time another paper cake case is added. This shows that adding extra weight increases the terminal velocity. This is because terminal velocity is when the air resistance becomes equal to the gravitational force acting on the object and so the acceleration stops. The heavier the object the shorter time it takes for it to reach its terminal velocity.Evaluation:I think the experiment worked quite well, a lot of reliable results were obtained which could be analysed easily and this meant we were able to complete the aim. Most of the results are quite reliable; we did 3 experiments at each weight (3 drops with a total of 10 cup cakes) and took an average, which meant they were quite reliable. But because of human error they may not have been as reliable as they could have been, these human errors are responsible for the anomalous results on the graph. We could have improved the experiment by using electronic sensors, to drop the paper cases, this would have eliminated human error.The main error I think was delayed reaction times. When the cup/s were dropped, it would have taken the timer some time to start the stopwatch after it had passed the beginning of the timing point. Also if different people were timing they would obviously have different reaction times therefore affecting the results. If I did this experiment again I would have the same person each timing, also I have the person timing standing at a point where they could clearl y see when the cake cup passed. Also the stopwatch could only be measured to an accuracy of a 10th of a second.Another problem that occurred was that when the cake cup fall though the air there was some movement. The cup tended to sway from side to side which meant there would not be a constant area,(meaning the surface are constantly changing) which would obviously effect our results as there would be extra movement from side to side. If I were to do the experiment again, it would be hard to eliminate this error. The only way this could be slightly improved would be to ensure the best conditions possible to do the experiment in (a wind and draft free place.)After I had plotted my graph I found that there were one or two anomalous results, and this could have been because of any of the errors above. I re-tested this result and my new result fitted in better than the original result. I can conclude that the terminal velocity does depend on the weight, and this can be clearly seen whe n looking at my graph which follows a steady decline in the time take for the cups to drop. If I had decided to use the way it was dropped as variable then my results would have differed slightly, this is because the surface area would change if for example they were dropped at an angle then the times maybe would have had a slower decrease. The graph would have looked more or less the same but the time taken for the cups to fall would be longer.

The Psychological Being Essays

The Psychological Being Essays The Psychological Being Essay The Psychological Being Essay The colloquial language and the simplicity of thematic expression have captivated my attention to choose this poem. Volume can be written about intricacies of relationship, its psychological dimensions and the duality in human nature, but the poet has beautifully summed up the both themes in 26 lines. He does not ponder over the philosophical dimensions of the topic but beautifully explains the action and psychological realism. The poem encircles the Wordsworthian definition of poetry as â€Å"spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings†.The complexity and intricacy of a relationship is represented in a beautiful way. Relationship develops in a way that one can not escape its sentimentalities if one desires so. It depicts a paradoxical behaviour on the part of the narrator that she wants to leave but she herself questions her own irresoluteness in the very starting line of the poem. She did all the preparations to leave but she is unable to do that. There is something tangible i n the relation. Her partner does not utter a single word yet his looks have a mesmerizing effect that shake the very foundation of narrator’s resoluteness.This is not narrator’s first attempt to leave her partner as she says that â€Å"I pick up my suitcase and set it down, /As I try to leave you again.† (Lines 7-8) Although she has decided to leave but she still thinks of his pathos and miseries after her. Here poet uses one personal characteristic of the partner and one external factor that the narrator takes into account while deciding not to leave i.e. his (partner’s laziness) and drought. Although she has already contemplating not to leave but the final decision comes as a result of something highly passionate i.e. â€Å"You take my hands, I nod/and go to the house to unpack†. (Lines12-13) Here he marvellously explained the whole process of ‘not going’. Although there are other factors but the physical intimacy remains the chief m otivator.I think that the poet considers poetry as a deliberate process that involves too much contemplation but his stress is on the powerful feelings. Unlike conventional poets who used to show their mastery on every topic given to them or chosen by them, this particular poet only considers a manifestation of powerful internal feeling and meditation. He thus defines a new poetic standard by discarding the neoclassical theory of poetry. He strongly snubs the elevated poetic diction. One can easily infer from this poem that there is an understood and implicit correlation between truth and the language and it is the duty of a poet to make this truth explicit in simplistic language.If we apply Freudian approach of psycho-analysis on the poem, it is manifested that narrator’s attempt to leave his partner is in fact a reflection of something psychological that is deeply embedded in her being i.e. longing for sexual cohabitation. It can be presumed that there is something wrong in their sexual relationship and she (narrator) finds another way to direct his partner toward sexual intimacy. She threatens him with parting of ways but she does that half-heartedly as her sole motive is to get the attentions she needs and to gratify her sexual being.   This is her â€Å"other reason to stay† but one can easily judge that true reason to stay.One can employ other deeper meaning i.e. yearning for closeness in one’s relationship. Indulgence in sexual activity is a mean to an end i.e. physical, emotional and psychological closeness and not an end in itself i.e. the gratification of sexual lust. The adorning exercise with â€Å"white lace slip† can be captivating tool whereas the desire â€Å"for you to take off† metaphorically explains the craving on the part of narrator to get acquainted in a better way by removing the outer layer’s of one’s personality and to be known at a psychological level.â€Å"Take off† here sign ifies dual symbolism. On one level it refers to peel off the upper layers of personality to get a better mutual understanding whereas on the other level taking off the white lace slip is necessary to trigger the sexual desire of the partner and arouse his feelings. A sexual gratification is the only mean that they have to forget the pathos and miseries of life momentarily. Both seems to be a part of the down-trodden class and narrators know that they â€Å"can’t give ach other any more† whether is pleasures or socio-economic solace.My purpose was to apply the psycho-analytical theory of criticism of literary pieces on this poem to derive at certain psychological assumption about the characters and put forward a psychological theme. I this way,   I discovered the psychological realism i.e. one can not and should not draw conclusion about characters, their nature and dispositions by merely analyzing their actions but one must hanker after the motives behind the actions and the thought processes behinds the characters. It is said that Grand poetry and poetic theme do not take into consideration the subjective views of poet and individual emotions butthis poem capacitated me to undersand that poetry is a medium through which personal experiences can be expressed lucudly and persnal experiences can also be universalized.

Ecology and Environment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ecology and Environment - Research Paper Example Humans are the most advanced organisms in the ecosystem; unlike other organisms that adapt to their environment, humans normally try to make their environment adapt to their needs. In this attempt to unbalance nature, effects of human activities are always more detrimental than any other. These would include such drastic effects as deforestation and the nowadays much publicized global worming.My surrounding is an exciting place full of life and activities. Organisms live and interact with one another freely. However, occasionally, there would always be conflicts within the ecosystem. A highly agricultural terrain with lots of vegetation to show for it, the cool wet climate ensures that tea, coffee, pyrethrum, and other crops do well and are, therefore, planted in large scale. A lake lies to the eastern end and to the southern border lies a game reserve. These two are representations of the existence of all spheres of life in this ecosystem. All the basic needs that any organism would need lie within range. The presence of us humans, however, complicates issues. With humans always wanting large trunks of arable lands for themselves, they would go to any length to get what they want. This would always see to it that more animals are killed as others migrate from the area in an attempt to seek further hunting fields. From time to time, this has seen the extinction of some indigenous animals as previous reports show. From time to time, this has seen the extinction of some indigenous animals as previous reports show.

Personal statement for admission Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

For admission - Personal Statement Example Thus, while benefiting from the first hand experiences and active performances, I still lacked academic learning in the field of music. This pushed me to opt for a master’s degree in Music and Performance at the Indiana University. I have now completed my masters and I feel that I am on a good stand with regard to academic learning as well as performance. But I still believe that further learning and practice would enhance and polish my skills. It would make my academic ground stronger and it is for this purpose that I wish to enroll in the doctoral program at the University of Michigan. The University of Michigan is one of the most prestigious universities in the United States and it will provide me with the best opportunities to strengthen my career. I would then be able to go back to Korea as a musician having both strong practical skills as well as possessing good academic skills. This would assist me in performing well and at the same time in becoming a good instructor and thus impart my knowledge to the students in

Organized Crime Essay Example for Free

Organized Crime Essay Ever since the time that human beings began living in any form of community setting, it is likely that organized crime, albeit in a primitive form, was born. Today, organized crime is quite different than the stereotyped mobster of the days of Al Capone. With this evolution in mind, this essay will answer various questions about the modern face of organized crime. Why Does Organized Crime Still Exist? Organized crime still exists today for a variety of reasons, especially when the development of the modern world is taken into account. First, on the most basic level, the classic organized crime organizations still serve a vital function in every corner of the world as a means of managing drug trafficking, illegal gambling, prostitution and many more typical vices that represent profitable opportunities for the criminal enterprise. The complex nature of the political, technological, and economic world in the 21st century also lends itself very well to the proliferation of organized crime. For instance, the many global terrorist groups that are active at the present time are very well run organized crime groups (Washington Times, 2003). Technology, and its link to international commerce has also fostered present day organized crime; in a far cry from the days of â€Å"Murder Incorporated†, organized criminals today often use the Internet and related devices to commit what is called transactional crime, such as bank fraud, embezzlement, stock market swindles, and more (Punch, 2005). What are the Roles of Various Law Enforcement Agencies in Fighting Organized Crime? Traditionally, the various law enforcement agencies served the purpose of protecting the common good and to promote common decency by eradicating the vice and corruption that organized crime fueled. In most cases of localized organized crime, local or state police agencies were able to keep organized crime in check; in the extreme cases when organized crime was international in nature, world police organizations such as Interpol and the FBI got involved. Presently, however, due to the globally terroristic nature of organized crime, which represents as much of a threat to global security as it does to the quality of everyday life, organized crime has been challenged by the armed forces of the nations of the world (Olson, 1995). In these circumstances, world leaders have formed crime fighting alliances to act as a global police force to bring international organized criminals to justice (Fighting Organized Crime, 2000). What are the Challenges with Undercover Investigations in Organized Crime and the Use of Informants to Prosecute Organized Crime Figures? Undercover investigation, due to its very nature, poses its own unique challenges; the need for the undercover officer to maintain his or her assumed identity, effectively infiltrate criminal groups, and bring criminals to justice is perilous to say the least. When undercover investigation is employed in organized crime, a whole new realm of challenge and danger surfaces. To begin with, organized crime groups are typically tightly knit, making the introduction of a new person, especially one whose whole life was created as a work of fiction highly difficult. Once â€Å"inside†, the undercover officer must also maintain the identity at the peril of the investigation at least and their life at worst. Use of informants to prosecute organized crime figures is highly challenging as well; the reliability of the informant, who is of course a criminal, can make or break the investigation. Moreover, keeping that informant in place without being revealed as an informant is daunting and also risks the investigation and the life of the informant. Conclusion Organized crime is alive and well in many forms, given the complex nature of the modern world. As time goes by, fighting organized crime will become increasingly difficult, and the stakes will get higher and higher. World leaders and law enforcement must work together to make a difference.

Kidney Thieves Urban Legend :: Urban Legends

Losing Organs at a Party: The "Kidney Thieves" Legend and the Immigrant Experience My family, most being first generation immigrants, has at times a slightly negative view of American culture. Because of this, many of the family dinner conversations are about the differences between American and Iranian cultures and often how the Iranian culture is better in some ways. To support this theory many urban legends are brought up that show the â€Å"dark side† of the American culture. For example, when the family was gathered together for the Iranian new year, a version of the famous legend about the traveler who was drugged and robbed of his organs in a hotel room was told by a family member. It is important to note that he told the story in Farsi, which means that I am translating and not merely re-telling the story verbatim. The storyteller's version of the story was about an Iranian foreign exchange student who had recently come to the US. The story begins with the student, being alone in this country, going to a party he had heard of from other students. In the party, having had a few drinks, another â€Å"American thing† my family is against, he met a beautiful innocent girl who offered him a drink and asked to go to his place at the end of the night. The tone with which he described the girl was specially interesting, noting that even the innocent looking girls cannot be trusted. The story goes that the Iranian student did not remember anything from that point on until he woke up the next day in his bathtub covered with ice. There was also a note next to him telling him not to move and call 911. When the ambulance arrived at his apartment he was told that his kidney was removed and that he was not the first person this has happened to. To add to the accuracy and suspense of the story, the stor yteller, a physician, mentioned how the ice was used to keep the student’s body cold to prevent excessive blood loss and inflammation, which was essentially what kept him alive. After being discharged from the hospital for a few weeks with a missing kidney, a big hospital bill, and having fallen behind his studies, the student found out that there is an organized ring of organ thieves who specialize in lonely foreign students, who are as the storyteller sees it, more susceptible to being seduced by girls.

Italian Revolution(1830-1848) Essay

The three revolutionaries Giuseppe Garibaldi, Giuseppe Mazzini, and Count Camillo Benso di Cavour are the primary names associated with the process by which the many governments of the Italian peninsula came together as a unified kingdom. They all were pivotal in this unification process. In the years between 1830 and 1848 many events occurred in the country of Italy. The primary problems in Italy were a mix of economic depression, social clash, and radical ideas. Secret societies were formed, and because of this, many people were thrown in prison. However, being jailed did not stop or even hinder the revolutions, as the Italians were determined to reach their independence from the Austrians. Giuseppe Mazzini was always surrounded by political dissent, and the resentment against the German-speaking foreigners in Vienna whose armies crushed Italian aspirations toward self-government. At the young age of 21, Mazzini began to combine opposition to all existing governments, desire for political freedom, and Italian nationalism into one, unified cause. At this time he also decided to wear only black clothing in order to express his mourning over the loss of Italian freedoms. The turning point of his life and eventually, one can argue, the turning point of Italy occurred in 1830 when Mazzini joined the conspiratorial society of the Carbonari. The Carbonari was a loosely organized group of liberal and radical revolutionaries. In this group Mazzini attended illegal meetings, distributed banned newspapers, acquired weapons, and took part in riotous antigovernment demonstrations. Mazzini’s passion for Italy was essentially the driving force of his life. He was arrested and spent six months in a local fortress. During this time in solitude, he received his life’s calling; to devote his existence to the emancipation of Italy. He derived his motto â€Å"God and the People†. This motto was well thought out for many reasons. He actually believed that God had intended on all humans to find individual freedom. Secondly, the way to control the masses is to include God. If people believe they are fulfilling God’s virtues they will do almost anything. Mazzini asserted, â€Å"once all peoples had achieved political liberties and combined into national communities, they would pursue humanitarian goals and live in peace with one  another† (Watkins 824). He stated that the reason the secret societies did not thrive was because they focused too much on the individual rights and freedoms. He called on all Italians to emphasize the sacred duty to make Italy a single nation under one government. His basic premise was that nationalism was cooperation among all peoples, not competition (Watkins 825). Soon after his release from prison, Mazzini erected his own secret society, called Young Italy, or Giovanni Italia. He had only one goal; the unification of Italy under one republican government with civil and political freedom for all. Mazzini primarily recruited from the young, middle class. Much like his own background. He wrote hundreds of volumes of writing initiating propaganda for his troops. He stockpiled weapons, and prepared to fight with guerilla warfare (Watkins 824). However, government officials discovered Mazzini’s activities and the exiled him. He lived in Britain where his popular opinion favored his cause. He did not return to Italy until 1848 where he helped to instantiate the revolution of 1848. Although he was defeated by foreign troops, his thoughts lived on. The societies of Young Hungary, Young Germany, and Young Europe were created because of him. Many people argue that every revolution was because of this man. In 1848, Italy was widely considered one of the most democratic and liberal nations in all of Europe. Nevertheless, it was â€Å"under the suzerainty of a number of reactionary rulers† (Kauffman 848). The Kingdom of the two Sicilies was under the despotic king, Ferdinand II. The Papal States were under control of the pope, and the rule of Tuscany, Lombardy, and Venetia was profoundly under the influence of Austria. The only kingdom that had its own independence was that of Piedmont, ruled by Charles Albert. The roots of the Italian revolutions reach back to the Congress of Vienna and the restoration of the reactionary rule by which Austria dominated the peninsula. Metternich, the minister of Austrian foreign affairs, was the man who enforced the settlements that were reached during the Congress of Vienna. The unfinished revolutions of 1820 and 1830 showed that the public was not satisfied with the â€Å"arbitrary rule, censorship of the press, and the  secret police† (Sperber 52). Because of these harsh policies, secret societies like the Cabonari were generated, becoming the leaders in the movement for change. This movement was called â€Å"risorgimento†. Because of the clashing of propaganda and nationalist literature, a revolution seemed inevitable. On January 12, a revolution took place in Palermo Sicily. Since Ferdinand II was on the brim of defeat he granted a constitution that was modeled after the French Constitution. However, the conflict eventually turned from the cause of political constitutionalism to the cause of Italian unity. On April 29, 1848, Pope Pius IX officially disassociated himself with the nationalist war. This infuriated the public, saying that the pope betrayed the Italian cause. The first round of fighting ended when an under trained army was maliciously defeated in Milan. However, the pope’s betrayal resulted in anticlericalism in Rome. Pius IX was forced to flee from Italy and live in the Bourbon kingdom to the South (Sperber 98). Political confusion ended in Rome when Mazzini established a republican democracy in Rome. However, on August 28 Austrian troops entrenched in the cities of Lombardy and Venetia. Shortly thereafter, monarchial rule was reinstated into Italy. It appeared that the revolution would be left to a later generation to accomplish. The politicization of the Italian peoples during 1848 contributed to their success in achieving national unity a generation later. The national idea for Italy was the one concept that survived the defeats and disappointments of 1848.